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Oil and gas exploration and development is principally concerned with the search and removal of fossil fuels beneath the Earth's surface. Oil and gas exploration are grouped under the science of petroleum geology. Oil and gas are produced when organic-rich material such as oil shale is subjected to high pressure and temperatures over an extended period of time, forming hydrocarbons. Almost all (99%) of such hydrocarbons seep to the surface, but particular formations of non-porous rock known as traps may allow them to accumulate. Such accumulations are known as reservoirs. The objective of oil and gas exploration is to find such reservoirs, and the purpose of development is to extract the oil or natural gas for fuel uses.
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